B Pharma Pharmacy 2nd Semester Syllabus

B Pharma Pharmacy 2nd Semester Syllabus

SEMESTER 2

TO DOWNLOAD B.PHARMA 1st YEAR SYLLABUS 

RPH-206/RPH-106

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II

(PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

Unit I

Introduction, classification and nomenclature of organic compounds.
Electron displacement in organic chemistry (inductive effect, resonance, hyperconjugation).
Stereochemistry including geometrical isomerism, optical isomerism, specification of configuration and
conformational analysis.

Unit II

Reaction intermediates (free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, carbenes and nitrenes).
Introduction to aliphatic hydrocarbons and some of their characteristic reactions with mechanisms such as;
alkanes (free radical substitution), alkenes and dienes (electrophilic and free radical additions), alkynes,
cycloalkanes (types of strain including Baeyer strain theory).

Unit III

Introduction to aliphatic organic compounds and some of their characteristic reactions with mechanisms
such as; alkyl halides and alcohols (nucleophilic substitution and nucleophilic elimination), amines,
aldehydes and ketones (nucleophilic addition), carboxylic acids and their derivatives (nucleophilic acyl
substitution).

Unit IV

Introduction to aromatic organic compounds, aromaticity, structure of benzene, electrophilic substitution,
orientation and reactivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic substitution, arenes, phenols.
Polynuclear hydrocarbons (naphthalene).

Unit V

Introduction to synthetic organic chemistry: α, β- Unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Compounds
containing active methylene group (acetoacetic ester), organometallic compounds (Grignard's reagent),
aryl diazonium salts and their synthetic importance.
Name reactions (including reaction mechanisms) and synthetic applications: Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley
reduction, Hofmann rearrangement, Mannich reaction, Diels Alder reaction.

RPH-206P/RPH-106P

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II(PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-I) 

PRACTICAL

1. Identification of organic compounds (including elements and functional groups).
2. Synthesis of compounds involving acetylation, benzoylation, bromination, reduction and oxidation.
Picric acid.
Aniline.
Acetanilide.
Aspirin.
Hippuric acid.
p-Bromo acetanilide.
Iodoform.
Oxalic acid.
3. Purification of solvents like benzene, chloroform, acetone and preparation of absolute alcohol.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Morrison R.T., Boyd R.N. and Bhattacharjee, S.K. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd. (Pearson Education Ltd.), New Delhi.
2. Finar I.L. Organic Chemistry, Vol. I & II, Pearson Education Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Bruice P.Y. and Prasad, K. J. R. Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
4. Sykes P., A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Longman Group Ltd, London.
5. Singh M.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanisms, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt.
Ltd, New Delhi.
6. Jain M.K. Organic Chemistry, Sohan Lal Nagin Chand & Co, New Delhi.
7. Mann F.G, and Saunders, B.C., Practical Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education Ltd.), New Delhi.
8. Vogel A.I., Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson
Education Ltd.), New Delhi.

RPH-207

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III(PHARMACEUTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)

Unit I

Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Atomic structure, atomic orbital, molecular orbital,
hybridization, covalent (sigma and pi) bond, electrovalent bond.
Chemical kinetics: Elementary idea of reaction kinetics-zero, first and second order reaction, complex
reactions. Characteristics of homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, acid-base and enzyme catalysis.

Unit II

Distribution law: Distribution law and application to solvent extraction.
Matter and its properties: Physical properties (surface tension, parachor, viscosity, rheochor, refractive
index, optical rotation, dipole moment). Liquid crystals, glassy state, crystalline and amorphous solids and
polymorphism.

Unit III

Thermodynamics: Fundamentals, first, second, third and zeroth law, Joule-Thompson’s effect, absolute
temperature scale, conversion of temperature between different scales.
Thermo chemistry: Definition and sign conventions. Heat of reaction: heat of formation, heat of
combustion, heat of neutralization, heat of solution, heat of phase changes. Bond enthalpies and Hess's law
of constant heat summation.

Unit IV

Electro-chemistry: Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, electric conductance and its measurement, molar and
equivalent conductivity and its variation with dilution. Transport number and Kohlrausch law, degree of
ionization and Ostwald dilution law. Theory of strong electrolytes (Debye Huckle theory).

Unit V

Adsorption: Definition, types and mechanism of adsorption, pharmaceutical applications of adsorption.
Phase equilibria: Phase, component, degree of freedom, sublimation critical point, cooling curves, phase
rule. One and two component systems (e.g. water, KI-H2O).

RPH-207P

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III(PHARMACEUTICAL PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)

PRACTICAL

1. Determination refractive index of given liquids.
2. Determination of specific rotation of sucrose at various concentrations and determination of the
intrinsic rotation.
3. Determination of rate constant of a simple reaction.
4. Determination of cell constant, verify Ostwald dilution law and perform conductometric titrations.
5. Determination of surface tension.
6. Determination of partition co-efficient.
7. Determination of viscosity.
8. Determine the parachor value.
9. Determine the rheochor value.
10. Determination of solubility.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Engel T., Reid P. Physical Chemistry, Pearson Education, London.
2. Tinoco I.J., Sauer K., Wang J.C. and Puglisi J.D. Physical Chemistry principles and applications in
biological sciences, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
3. Martin A., Bustamante P. and Chun A.H.C- Physical Pharmacy, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
4. Mark L. Introduction to Physical Chemistry, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
5. Levine Ira N. Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
6. Barrow G.M. Physical Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
7. Atkins P. and Paula, J.D. Atkins Physical Chemistry, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
8. Bhasin S.K. Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
9. Negi A.S. and Anand S.C. Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi.

RPH-208

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-II

Unit I

Central nervous system: Anatomy of different parts of brain and spinal cord, reflex action,
electroencephalogram, specialized functions of the brain. Cranial nerves and their functions.

Unit II

Autonomic nervous system: Physiology of the autonomic nervous system. Neurotransmitters, mechanism
of neurohumoral transmission.

Unit III

Haemopoietic system: Composition and function of blood and its elements, erythropoiesis, blood groups,
blood coagulation, Anemia.
Lymphatic system: Composition, formation and circulation of lymph, lymph node and spleen, thymus and
pathophysiology of hypersensitivity and allergy.

Unit IV

Urinary system: Anatomy and physiology of urinary system, physiology of urine formation, acid-base
balance, pathophysiology of renal failure, glomerulonephiritis, urinary tract infection.

Unit-V

Digestive system: Parts of digestive system, their structure and functions. Various gastro-intestinal
secretions and their role.
Pathology of peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, hepatitis, cirrhosis of liver,
pancreatitis. 

RPH-208P

ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-II 

PRACTICAL

1. Microscopic study of different tissues.
2. Haematological experiments:
a) Estimation of haemoglobin in blood.
b) Determination of bleeding time, clotting time.
c) R.B.C. Count.
d) Total leucocyte count (TLC), Differential leukocyte count (D.L.C.)
e) E.S.R. and blood group.
3. Recording of body temperature, pulse rate and blood pressure.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Difore S.H., Atlas of Normal Histology, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
2. Tortora, G.J., Anagnodokos N.P., Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Harper & Rave Publishers,
New Delhi.
3. Dipiro J.L., Pharmacotherapy- A Pathophysiological Approach, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
4. Seeley R.R., Stephens T.D. and Tate, P. Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, McGraw-Hill, New
York.
5. Guyton A.C., Hall JE., Text book of Medical Physiology, WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
6. Ross and Wilson, Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness, Churchill Livingstone, London.
7. Chatterjee C.C. Human Physiology, Medical Allied Agency, Calcutta.
8. Zdanowicz, M. M. Essentials of Pathophysiology for Pharmacy, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
9. Chaurasia B.D, Human Anatomy, Regional & Applied Part I, II & III, CBS Publishers & Distributors,
New Delhi.
10. Sood, R. Medical Laboratory Technology: Methods and Interpretation, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi.

RPH-209/RPH-109

PHARMACOGNOSY– I

Unit I

Definition history, scope and development of pharmacognosy.
Source of drug: Biological, marine, mineral and plant tissue culture as source of drugs.
Classification of drugs: Morphological, taxonomical, chemical and pharmacological, chemotaxonomy.

Unit II

Plant Description: Morphology and anatomy of leaves, woods, barks, inflorescences and flowers, fruits
and seeds.

Unit III

Propagation, cultivation, collection, processing and storage of crude drugs:
a. Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants, type of soils and fertilizers of common use.
b. Pest management and natural pest control agents.
c. Plant hormones and their applications.
d. Polyploidy, mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants.
e. Poly Houses/ Green houses for cultivation.

Unit IV

Quality control of crude drugs: Adulteration of crude drugs and their detection by organoleptic,
microscopic, physical, chemical and biological methods of evaluation (including quantitative microscopy).

Unit V

Systematic pharmacognostic study of following:
Carbohydrates and derived products: Agar, Acacia, Honey, Isabgol, Starch, Tragacanth.
Lipids: Beeswax, Castor oil, Coca butter, Kokum butter, Hydnocarpus oil, Cod liver oil, Linseed oil, Wool
fat, Rice-bran oil. 

RPH-209/RPH-109P

PHARMACOGNOSY-I

PRACTICAL

1. Morphological characteristics of plant parts mentioned in theory.
2. Microscopical measurements of cell and cell contents-starch grains, calcium oxalate crystals and
phloem fibres.
3. Determination of leaf constants such as stomatal index, stomatal numbers, vein islet numbers, vein
termination number and palisade ratio.
4. Identification of crude drugs belonging to carbohydrates and lipids.
5. Preparation of herbarium sheets.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Pharmacopoeia of India, 2010 Edition, The Controller of publications, Vol. III, Delhi.
2. Trease G.E. and Evans W.C., Pharmacognosy, Bailleire Tindall, East Bourne.
3. Wallis T.E., Text book of Pharmacognosy, J & A Churchill, Ltd, London.
4. Wallis T.E., Analytical Microscopy, J & A Churchill Limited, London.
5. Brain K.R. and Turner T D. The Practical Evaluation of Phytopharmaceuticals, Wright-Scientechnica,
Bristol.
6. Dutta A.C, Botany, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
7. Schewer P.J., Marine Natural Products, Academic Press, London.
8. Wallis T.E. Practical Pharmacognosy, PharmaMed Press, Hyderabad.
9. Kokate C.K. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi.

RPH-210/RPH-110

PHARMACEUTICAL MATHEMATICS AND BIOSTATISTICS

Unit I

Determinants, properties of determinants, solution of simultaneous equations by Cramer’s rule. Matrices,
properties of matrices, solution of simultaneous equations by matrices. Pharmaceutical applications of
determinants and matrices.

Unit II

Limit of functions, differentiation of logarithmic, trigonometric and exponential function (not proof), chain
rule, integration as reverse of differentiation, method of substitution, integration by parts.

Unit III

Methods of collection of data, diagrammatic representation of data (Pie, Histogram, Bar diagram), types of
sampling; mean, median, mode and standard deviation.

Unit IV

Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, regression, method of least square of straight line, t-test, χ² test,
F-test.

Unit V

Probability: Simple probability, addition and multiplication of probabilities, binomial, Poisson’s and
normal distributions.

RPH-210P/RPH-110P

PHARMACEUTICAL MATHEMATICS AND BIOSTATISTICS PROJECT

1. Collection of data by survey methods.
2. Classification and tabulation of data.
3. Frequency distribution table for collected data (discrete and continuous).
4. Calculation of mean, median, mode, standard deviation and coefficient of variation for collected data.
5. Graphical representation of frequency distribution of collected data (histogram, frequency polygram,
frequency curve and ogive curve).
6. Chi-square testing for data analysis.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Blair R.C., Taylor, R.A. Biostatistics for the Health Sciences, Dorling Kindersley India Pvt., Ltd.
2. Gupta S.P. Statistical Methods, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
3. Khan I.A. and Khanum, A. Biostatistics for Pharmacy, Ukaaz Publications, Hyderabad.
4. Prasad G. Textbook of Differential Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd, Allahabad.
5. Prasad G. Textbook of Integral Calculus, Pothishala Pvt. Ltd, Allahabad.
6. A Textbook of Mathematics for XI-XII Students, Vol. I-IV, NCERT Publications, New Delhi.

Scheme of Evaluation (Choice Based Credit System) Bachelor of Pharmacy (B. Pharm.) SECOND SEMESTER

B PHARMA PHARMACY 2ND SEMESTER EVALUATION SCHEME